Ectomycorrhizal belowground diversity from neglected diversity rich western Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests of Pakistan

Samina Sarwar
Samina Sarwar
Pakistan
Cohort:
2024
project abstract

The project aims to investigate the belowground diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests of Pakistan, a region characterized by diverse habitats and unique ecological niches. These forests, located in northern Pakistan, span altitudes ranging from 500 to 2,000 meters above sea level and are dominated by broadleaf tree species such as oak, maple, walnut, and rhododendron. Additionally, tall trees, including Sal, Terminalia, Bauhinia, Schima, and Castanopsis, contribute to the dense canopy, creating shaded understories ideal for fungal growth. Climbers and epiphytes further enhance biodiversity in these forests.

Our hypothesis proposes that environmental variables, including altitude, soil type, and tree species composition, exert significant influence on ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity within these forests. We anticipate that higher elevation sites will harbor fungal communities adapted to colder temperatures, while lower elevation areas may support different species due to warmer conditions. Soil properties such as pH, moisture levels, and nutrient availability are also expected to shape fungal community composition.

Molecular aspects of the project involve metabarcoding of the rDNA region, targeting both the ITS and LSU regions using fungal-specific primers. This approach will facilitate accurate identification and classification of fungal taxa present in soil samples, providing insights into ectomycorrhizal belowground diversity. Sampling procedures adhere to standardized protocols, ensuring careful collection and preservation of fungal specimens from designated sites within the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests. Morphological, anatomical, and molecular characterization of specimens will be conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of ectomycorrhizal diversity.

The anticipated outcomes of the project include peer-reviewed publications, thesis chapters, and reports documenting fungal diversity and community structure in the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests of Pakistan. These findings will contribute to scientific knowledge, inform conservation policies, and guide future research directions in mycology and forest ecology. Furthermore, the evaluation of conservation status based on fungal diversity assessments will support evidence-based decision-making and conservation prioritization efforts.

Expedition engagement and outreach activities will involve scientific dissemination, community workshops, educational programs, and social media outreach. Through these initiatives, the project aims to foster collaboration between researchers and local communities, raise awareness about fungal diversity and forest conservation, and inspire action towards the preservation of Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forest ecosystems.

Overall, the project seeks to advance our understanding of ectomycorrhizal belowground diversity in the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests of Pakistan and contribute to the conservation and sustainable management of these critical forest ecosystems.